Sauna is a timeless tradition that has been used in various cultures around the world for both relaxation and health. Although saunas are often associated with Sweden and Finland, there are many different types of sauna cultures that have developed throughout history. In this blog, we will go through the four largest sauna cultures and their unique traditions. Whether you are an experienced sauna bather or a beginner, you will appreciate the different ways that saunas are used to promote both body and mind.

1. The Finnish Sauna Culture

The Finnish sauna is undoubtedly the most famous and is considered the origin of the sauna tradition. In Finland, saunas are a central part of both daily life and traditions. Not only is there a sauna in almost every Finnish home, but it is also used to celebrate important life events, such as birthdays and weddings.

The Finnish sauna uses wood-burning or electric sauna heaters to create intense heat. The classic Finnish sauna has low humidity, which makes the heat feel very dry. Finnish sauna bathers usually sit on the higher benches to experience the greatest heat, while the cooler benches are used for longer sessions.

To enhance the experience, sauna bathers can also use a traditional technique called "löyly" , which involves hitting yourself with a bundle of birch branches (sauna vihta) to stimulate blood circulation and create more intense sweating.

2. The Turkish Sauna Culture (Hamam)

Turkish hammams, or traditional steam baths, have their roots in the Ottoman Empire and are known for their social and therapeutic function. In a hammam, steam is used to create a very high humidity, which makes the heat feel much more intense than in a dry sauna. This is perfect for opening pores and cleansing the body of toxins.

Hamams are often adorned with beautiful mosaics and marble benches where visitors lie down and relax while enjoying the steam. A typical Turkish sauna ritual involves first warming up in a steam room, and then receiving a thorough scrubbing and massage from an experienced therapist. Hamams are often a social activity, and are visited by both men and women in separate areas.

For many, the hammam is not only a place for physical recovery but also for mental relaxation and socializing. It is a place to restore balance and feel renewed.

3. The Russian Sauna Culture (Banja)

In Russia, saunas, or "banya" , have a long tradition dating back to the Middle Ages and are still an important part of Russian people's lives. Banya is very similar to the Finnish sauna but with some differences in how they are used. A Russian banya is often a wood-fired sauna where the temperature can be very high, and it is often used in conjunction with cold water immersion or snow bathing to create a contrast that increases blood circulation and provides a refreshing feeling.

A unique part of the Russian banya is the use of a "venik" – a bundle of birch branches used to beat the skin, improving blood flow and creating a refreshing massage effect. It is also common to use essential oils such as eucalyptus or pine to enhance the sauna experience.

Banya is a social activity and is used both for recovery and to strengthen bonds with friends and family. In Russia, this sauna routine has a deep-rooted cultural meaning and is an important part of Russian lifestyle and tradition.

4. The Japanese Sauna Culture (Sento and Onsen)

In Japan, there are two different types of baths that are closely linked to the sauna experience: sento (public bathhouses) and onsen (hot springs). Traditionally, these bathhouses are places for relaxation and socialization, and they have a long history dating back over 1,000 years.

Sento are public bathhouses found in many cities in Japan. These bathhouses have hot and cold water pools and sometimes steam baths. Sento is a place for both physical and mental recovery, and it is common for people to go there after work to relax.

Onsen , on the other hand, are natural hot springs that are often found in beautiful scenic areas. Bathing in an onsen is a sacred experience for many Japanese, and it is believed to have healing properties for the body and soul. Onsen is not only a place for physical recovery, but also a place to be in harmony with nature.

In both sento and onsen, great importance is placed on maintaining a clean and peaceful environment. These baths are often very quiet, and visitors are encouraged to relax and meditate during their stay.

Sauna in Stockholm – Experience the Greatest Sauna Cultures

Whether you want to experience the traditional Finnish sauna, the steamy Turkish hammam, the Russian banya or the Japanese onsen , The Sacred Sauna in Stockholm offers an opportunity to try out different sauna cultures and their unique benefits. Our tailor-made sauna experiences are designed to give you an authentic and therapeutic experience from the world's most famous sauna cultures.